Defining the Cold War: Read the two primary source documents below. Then, based on the documents, and your knowledge of Social Studies, answer the questions that follow.
In 1946, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a speech at a college in Missouri. He described relations with the Soviet Union in this way:
A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies....
We understand the Russian need to be secure on her western frontiers from all renewal of German aggression. We welcome her to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. Above all, we welcome constant, frequent, and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. It is my duty, however, to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe.
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe....
On the other hand, I repulse the idea that a new war is inevitable, still more that it is imminent. It is because I am so sure that our fortunes are in our own hands and that we hold the power to save the future, that I feel the duty to speak out now that I have an occasion to do so. I do not believe that Soviet Russia desires war. What they desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines....
From what I have seen of our Russian friends and allies during the war, I am convinced that there is nothing they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for military weakness.
From William Appleman Williams, ed., _The Shaping of American Diplomacy_ (Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1956), p. 993.
In 1947, U.S. State Department official George F. Kennan wrote an important article for Foreign Affairs magazine which urged the United States to deal with the Soviet Union in a new way:
...it is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.... In the light of the above, it will be clearly seen that the Soviet pressure against the free institutions of the Western world is something that can be contained by the adroit and vigilant application of counter-force at a series of constantly shifting geographical and political points, corresponding to the shifts and maneuvers of Soviet policy, but which cannot be charmed or talked out of existence.... It would be an exaggeration to say that American behavior unassisted and alone could exercise a power of life and death over the Communist movement and bring about the early fall of Soviet power in Russia. But the United States has it in its power to increase enormously the strains under which Soviet policy must operate, to force upon the Kremlin a far greater degree of moderation and circumspection than it has had to observe in recent years, and in this way to promote tendencies which must eventually find their outlet in either the break-up or the gradual mellowing of Soviet power...
From William Appleman Williams, ed., _The Shaping of American Diplomacy_, p. 996.
Answer the following questions based on the above two readings by Churchill and Kennan:
1. What did Churchill and Kennan believe were the goals of the Soviet Union?
2. What did the authors believe should be the response of the United States to Soviet actions?
3. Historians generally agree that the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union began between 1946 and 1947. How do you think Churchill and Kennan would define "cold war?"
14 comments:
1) Churchill and Kennan believed that the soviet union would have to much power and probably tack over more places.
2) The United States should not join the soviet union.
3) I think that Churchill and Kennan would think the Cold War was a stand off between America and the Soviet Union
Bianca Deanro
1. Churchill and Kennan believed that the soviet union would have to much power and try to take over to many places.
2. The United States should not join the soviet union.
3. I think that Churchill and Kennan would think that the Cold War was a stand off between America and the Soviet Union. I also think that the two of them would think it was a race to see who was better.
Anastasia Ioannou Pd.2 (:
1. Churchill and Kennan believed the goals of the Soviet Union were to start another war. They believed that behind the iron curtain lies all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe.
2. They believed that the response of the United States to the Soviet actions was that they should not have done what they did. they should have not started a cold war.
3. I think that Churchill and Kennan would define the Cold War as a war a war that was trying to spread Communism across Germany.
1) To contain Soviet Union growth, but to avoid actual war.
2) The United States response to the soviet union is that the must be patient but firm and follow the policy of Containent.
3) I beleive Churchill and Kennan would define the Cold War as our allies, the Soviet Union trying to spread Communism through the world, and they dont support it. Also they feel Containment should be set to limit the spread of all Communism. Also they might feel that as strong nation, we can stop the Soviet Union
PERIOD 4 Hernan Leguizamo
1. that the Soviet Union wanted to expand their empire and create new communist colonies.
2. "that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies"
3. a war of tension and fear that the other side would attack first.
1. What did Churchill and Kennan believe were the goals of the Soviet Union?
-CHURCHILL: believed that the goals of the Soviet Union was to expand and proselytize their tendencies.
-KENNAN: it will be clearly seen that the Soviet pressure against the free institutions of the Western world is something that can be contained by the adroit and vigilant application of counter-force at a series of constantly shifting geographical and political points, corresponding to the shifts and maneuvers of Soviet policy, but which cannot be charmed or talked out of existence.
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2. What did the authors believe should be the response of the United States to Soviet actions?
-The United States understand that Russians need to be secure on her western frontiers from all rnewal of German aggression. And that the US welcomes her to her rightful place among all the leading nations in the world.
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3. Historians generally agree that the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union began between 1946 and 1947. How do you think Churchill and Kennan would define "cold war?"
Soviet Russia desires war. What they desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines.
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1. What did Churchill and Kennan believe were the goals of the Soviet Union?
Churchill believed that the goals of the Soviet Union were the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines.
Kennan believed that the goals of the Soviet Union was it is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.
2. What did the authors believe should be the response of the United States to Soviet actions?
The authors believed that the response of the United States Soviet actions would be the United States has it in its power to increase enormously the strains under which Soviet policy must operate, to force upon the Kremlin a far greater degree of moderation and circumspection than it has had to observe in recent years, and in this way to promote tendencies which must eventually find their outlet in either the break-up or the gradual mellowing of Soviet power.
3. Historians generally agree that the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union began between 1946 and 1947. How do you think Churchill and Kennan would define "cold war?"
Churchill said “On the other hand, I repulse the idea that a new war is inevitable, still more that it is imminent. It is because I am so sure that our fortunes are in our own hands and that we hold the power to save the future, that I feel the duty to speak out now that I have an occasion to do so. I do not believe that Soviet Russia desires war. What they desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines....”
Kennan said “...it is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.... In the light of the above, it will be clearly seen that the Soviet pressure against the free institutions of the Western world is something that can be contained by the adroit and vigilant application of counter-force at a series of constantly shifting geographical and political points, corresponding to the shifts and maneuvers of Soviet policy, but which cannot be charmed or talked out of existence.... It would be an exaggeration to say that American behavior unassisted and alone could exercise a power of life and death over the Communist movement and bring about the early fall of Soviet power in Russia.”
-victoria eng
1. He thought that there goals were to spread communisim, he feels that there going to start a war. Also to protect there western front.
2. I think he feels that they could do the iron curtain but its not needed.
3.I think he felt that even though America secured Russia ( with the iron curtain), Russia didnt need to be secured cause he felt that there was no war coming on ( he was obviouly right)....
joseph ebiotu 931 period 4
1.Churchill and Kennan both believed the goals of the Soviet Union was to just wanted to expand its power and not have a war at arms but in competion to see who is the best.
2.The author believed the United States action should be to remin in action to protect the United States own rights and busniess.
3.I think they defined the "Cold War" as the cold war because during thise period of time no fighting took place and only the "cold" attitude toward the Soviets and the Americans took place.
Allison OHagan
Period 2
1)Churchill and Kennan's believed the goals for the Soviet Union was to get control over Easturn and Westurn Europe and then spread communism.
2)The authors believed that the United States should be prepared for war or anything the Soviet Union can do to us. We had to remain strong and keep other countries as our allies to help us in case of war. The most important thing was to keep communism out of the United States.
3)I think Churchill and Kennan would define the "Cold War" as democracy v.s communism. The US tried to stay out of Europe's problems but eventually they had to get involved since communism is spreading throughout Easturn Europe.
Sara T.
Period:4
1: Both Churchill and Kennan believed that the USSR's goal was indeed to get power from their sattelite countries, but they wanted power without war.
2: The authors also believed that they shouldn't try and convert communist countries into democratic ones, but they should try their best to stop communism from spreading all over Europe and Asia.
3: Churchill and Kennan would probably define the Cold War as a time when fallen countries were being converted to communism, and other countries tried to stop the spreading of communism.
Andrew Villa Period 2 931
1. they believed the goals of the soviet union were strength and expansion of their powers and doctrines.
2. They believe the U.S. response to the USSR should be to "increase power enormously on the strains under which the Soviets operate, and in this way to promote tendencies which must eventually find their outlet in either the break-up or the gradual mellowing of Soviet power."
3. I think they would define the cold war as a bitter patch in the relationship between the U.S. and USSR and a time in which the U.S. tried to fix the Soviet poliies and contain them so they dont spread
Crystal S.
PERIOD 4
1.churchill and Kennan beleive that the main goal of the soviet unions was to win the battle of the cold war and redeme what they were fighting for.
2.the authors beleive that that responce should be to keep the land they are fighting for.
3.they defined the cold war as a war without fighting basically just a verbal war that never led to war actions.
isabela janashvili
period 4
1)Well Churchill and Kennan said that Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies
2) That Mybe have to do with the soviet union got to have power which must eventually find their outlet in either the break-up or the gradual mellowing of Soviet power
3) I think it have a lot to do with the Soviet union and the cold war and the way they define Soviet power in Russia But the United States has it in its power to increase enormously the strains.
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